The Language of Addiction
The language we use to discuss substance use disorders can have a powerful impact on individuals' perceptions, attitudes, and experiences. Stigmatizing language perpetuates harmful stereotypes, undermines recovery efforts, and prevents individuals from seeking help and support. By promoting compassionate and nonjudgmental language, we can reduce stigma, foster understanding, and create a more supportive environment for those affected by substance use disorders.
What is Stigma?
Substance use stigmas are negative attitudes toward people with substance use disorder. Stigma can lead to discrimination. Stigma can make it hard for people to talk about their problems and get help. We are not defined by our diagnoses, disabilities, or challenges.
Understanding Stigmatizing Language
Stigmatizing language refers to the use of words or phrases that perpetuate negative stereotypes, shame, and discrimination against individuals with substance use disorders. This type of language reinforces misconceptions about addiction, blames individuals for their condition, and marginalizes them from society. Examples of stigmatizing language include:
- junkie
- addict
- substance abuser
- "clean" or "dirty" to describe drug test results.
The Impact of Stigma
Stigma surrounding substance use disorders can have far-reaching consequences for individuals, families, and communities. It can discourage individuals from seeking help for their addiction, leading to delayed treatment and worsened outcomes. Stigma can also exacerbate feelings of shame, guilt, and isolation, hindering recovery efforts and reducing social support. Additionally, stigma can contribute to discriminatory policies and practices that further marginalize and disenfranchise individuals with SUDs.
Promoting Compassionate Language
1. Person-First Language
Use person-first language that emphasizes the individual rather than their condition. For example, say "person with a substance use disorder" rather than "addict" or "junkie." This puts the focus on the person's humanity and reduces the risk of dehumanization.
2. Avoid Labels and Stereotypes
Refrain from using labels or stereotypes that reinforce negative perceptions of individuals with SUDs. Instead, recognize that addiction is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects people from all walks of life.
3. Focus on Recovery
Use language that highlights the potential for recovery and resilience. Instead of using terms like "clean" or "dirty" to describe drug test results, use neutral language such as "positive" or "negative."
4. Be Empathetic and Supportive
Approach conversations about substance use disorders with empathy, understanding, and support. Avoid judgmental or blaming language and offer encouragement and assistance to those in need.
Terms to use, terms to avoid, and why:
Use...
| Instead of...
| Because...
|
- Person with a substance use disorder (SUD)
- Person with an opioid use disorder (OUD) or person with opioid addiction
- Person who misuses opioids/engages in unhealthy or hazardous opioid use
- Person in recovery or long-term recovery/person who previously used drugs
| - Addict
- User
- Substance or drug abuser
- Junkie
- Former addict
- Reformed addict
| - Using person-first language shows that SUD and OUD are illnesses.
- Using these words shows that a person with a SUD "has" a problem rather than "is" the problem.
- The terms avoid elicid negative associations, punitive attitudes, and individual blame.
|
- Testing positive (on a drug screen)
| - Dirty
- Failing a drug test
| - Use medically accurate terminology the same way it would be used for other medical conditions.
- These terms may decrease a person's sense of hope and self-efficacy for change.
|
Resources
Addictionary: Comprehensive dictionary of recovery terms and concepts promoting a unified, destigmatized language
CDC: Stigma Reduction
National Institutes of Health: Stigma and Discrimination
